Three-dimensionally porous metal materials are often used as the current collectors and support for the active materials of supercapacitors. Electronic address: 8 School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: 7 CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: 6 CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. Electronic address: 5 CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China. 4 School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.3 ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.

2 CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.1 School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, China.

Effect of thin films materials studio